Indie technology: Either Godot, some other smaller open source engine, or some heavily specialized open source solution that can only do a few kinds of games but has a small footprint.
Or sometimes just fully built from the ground up. It’s getting less common, but a few notable examples I know of are Minecraft, FTL (and I think Into the Breach), and Rollercoaster Tycoon is a whole story worth looking up.
Indie technology: Either Godot, some other smaller open source engine, or some heavily specialized open source solution that can only do a few kinds of games but has a small footprint.
Or they write it without an engine.
Or sometimes just fully built from the ground up. It’s getting less common, but a few notable examples I know of are Minecraft, FTL (and I think Into the Breach), and Rollercoaster Tycoon is a whole story worth looking up.
Stardew valley as well iirc.
I can also chip in with HROT, the engine for which was coded from the ground up in Pascal.
Space Station 14 my dearly beloved,
And also mindustry